WALI SONGO


Walisongo or Walisanga known as a propagator of Islam in the land of Java in the 14th century. They lived in three important areas north coast of Java Island, namely, Gresik, Surabaya-Lamongan in East Java, Demak-Kudus-Muria in Central Java and Cirebon in West Java.
Walisongo era is the era of the end of the dominance of the Hindu-Buddhist culture in the archipelago to be replaced with Islamic culture. They are a symbol of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, especially Java. Of course many other figures who also play a role. But they are a very large role in establishing the Islamic kingdom in Java, also impact on society at large as well as cultural propaganda directly, making the Walisongo is more known than others.
Meaning Walisongo
There are several opinions about the meaning Walisongo. First is the guardian of nine, which indicates the number of guardians that there are nine, or dross in the Java language. Another opinion states that the word songo / tsana sanga from the word which in Arabic means noble. Other opinions mention there the word comes from the Javanese language, which means place.
Another opinion says that Walisongo is an assembly of the first mission founded by Sunan Gresik (Maulana Malik Ibrahim) in the year 1404 AD (808 AH). [1] At that time, board-member mission Maulana Malik Ibrahim Walisongo own, Maulana Ishaq (Sunan Guardian Lanang), Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro (Sunan Kubrawi); Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi (Sunan Maghreb); Maulana Malik Israil (of Champa), Maulana Muhammad Ali Akbar, Maulana Hasanuddin, Maulana 'Aliyuddin, and Sheikh Subakir.
From the name of the Walisongo, in general there are nine names Walisongo known as the most famous member, namely:

    
* Sunan Gresik or Maulana Malik Ibrahim
    
* Sunan Ampel or Raden Rahmat
    
* Sunan Bonang or Raden Ibrahim Makhdum



    
* Sunan Drajat or Raden Qasim
    
* Sunan Ghost or Ja'far Sadeq
    
* Sunan Giri or Raden Paku or Ainul Yaqin



    
* Sunan Kalijaga or Raden Said
    
* Sunan Muria or Raden Umar Said
    
* Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarif Hidayatullah
The Walisongo is an intellectual who became a reformer of society in his time. Their influence felt in various forms of manifestation of a new civilization of Javanese society, ranging from health, cultivating, planting, commercial, cultural, artistic, civic, up to the government.   

Maulana Malik Ibrahim The main article for this section are: Sunan Gresik Tomb of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Village Gate, Gresik, East Java
Maulana Malik Ibrahim is a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad-22. He also called Sunan Gresik, or Sunan Tandhes, or Akbar Tariqat Murshid Wali Songo. Nasab As-Sayyid Maulana Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malik Ibrahim nasab according to records from the As-Sayyid Al-Husaini Bahruddin Ba'alawi a collection of notes and then recorded in the Encyclopedia nasab Ahlul Bait consisted of several volumes (volumes). The note was written: As-Sayyid Maulana Malik Ibrahim Barakat ibn As-Sayyid bin Zainal Alam Al-Sayyid Jamaluddin Husain ibn As-Sayyid Ahmad Jalal ibn As-Sayyid As-Sayyid Abdullah bin Abdul Malik bin Al-Sayyid Azmatkhan Ammil Faqih bin Alwi As-Sayyid Muhammad Shahib Mirbath bin As-Sayyed Ali Khali 'Qasam bin Alwi bin As-Sayyid As-Sayyid As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alwi bin As-Sayyid Al-Imam Ubaidillah bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Al-Imam Al- Imam Muhammad ibn al-Imam Ali Al-Uraidhi bin al-Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq, son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir al-Imam Ali bin Zainal Abidin bin Al-Imam Al-Husayn, son of Lady Fatima bin Abi Az-Zahra/Ali Talib, the Prophet Muhammad Rasulullah bint
He estimated born in Samarkand in Central Asia, in the early half of the 14th century. Babad Tanah Jawi call Asmarakandi Meinsma version, follow the spoken tongue of Java to As-Samarqandy. [2] In folklore, there is a pillow called him Grandpa.
Wife of Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Maulana Malik Ibrahim has, 3 wives named: 1. Siti Fatima bint Ali Nurul Alam Maulana Israel (King of Champa Dynasty Azmatkhan 1), have 2 children, namely: Maulana Moqfaroh and Syarifah Sarah 2. Siti Maryam bint Shaikh Subakir, has 4 children, namely: Abdullah, Ibrahim, Abdul Ghafur, and Ahmad 3. Jamilah binti Zainuddin Wan Ibrahim Al-Akbar Asmaraqandi, has 2 children namely: Abbas and Yusuf. Next Sharifah Sarah bint Maulana Malik Ibrahim was married to Ali Sayyid Murtadha Fadhal [Sunan Pupils / Raden Santri] and gave birth to two sons of Haji Uthman (Sunan Manyuran) and Uthman Haji (Sunan Ngudung). Next Sayyid Uthman Haji (Sunan Ngudung) page Top Sayyid Ja'far Sadiq [Sunan Ghost].
Maulana Malik Ibrahim is generally regarded as the first saint who propagated Islam in Java. He teaches new ways of farming and many people embrace the most, namely the marginalized segments of society Javanese Majapahit end power. Malik Ibrahim tried to pull people's hearts, which was hit by the economic crisis and civil war. He built the cottage where the study of religion in Leran, Gresik. In 1419, Malik Ibrahim died. His shrine is located at the village gate Wetan, Gresik, East Java.
 
Sunan Ampel The main article for this section are: Sunan Ampel
Sunan Ampel original name Raden Rahmat, the descendants of the 22 nd of the Prophet Muhammad, according to history he was the son of Ibrahim Zainuddin Al-Akbar and a princess named Champa Condro Wulan Dewi binti Raja Champa Last From the Ming Dynasty. Nasab full as follows: Sunan Ampel Zainuddin bin Sayyid Ibrahim al-Akbar ibn Sayyid Jamaluddin Al-Husain ibn Sayyid Ahmad bin Sayyid Jalaluddin Sayyid Abdullah bin Abdul Malik bin Sayyid Alwi Azmatkhan Ammil Faqih Sayyid Muhammad bin Sayyid Ali bin Shahib Mirbath Khali 'Qasam bin Sayyid Alwi bin Sayyid Muhammad bin Sayyid Ubaidillah bin Alwi bin Sayyid Sayyid Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Sayyid Sayyid Muhammad bin Sayyid Ali al-Uraidhi son of Imam Ja'far Sadeq, son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir bin Imam Ali Zainal Abidin bin Imam Al-Husayn son of Lady Fatima Az-Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah. Sunan Ampel generally regarded as an elder by the other guardians. Pesantren located at Denta Ampel, Surabaya, and is one of the oldest center of the spread of Islam in Java. He was married to Goddess who holds Nyai Condrowati Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja and married well with the Goddess Karimah binti ki Yellow Flower. Sunan Ampel marriage with Goddess Condrowati binti alias Nyai Ageng Manila Aryo Tejo, Top Next: Sunan Bonang, Siti Shariah, Sunan Degrees, Sunan Sedayu, Siti and Siti Hafsah Muthmainnah. Sunan Ampel marriage with Goddess Karimah binti ki Yellow Flower, Top Next: Goddess Murtasiyah, Asyiqah, Raden Husamuddin (Sunan Lamongan, Raden Zainal Abidin (Sunan Demak), Prince Tumapel and Raden Faqih (Sunan Ampel 2. Tomb of Sunan Ampel teletak near Masjid Ampel , Surabay Sunan Bonang The main article for this section are: Sunan Bonang Bonang, a row of small gongs laid horizontally.
Sunan Bonang was the son of Sunan Ampel, and is the 23rd descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. He is the son of Sunan Ampel with Nyai Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja. Sunan Bonang lot of preaching through the arts to attract people to embrace Islam of Java. He said as a composer and song suluk Wijil Tombo Ati, who still often sung by men. Updates on Javanese gamelan is by incorporating fiddle and bonang, which is often associated with his name. University of Leiden save a literary language called Java or Het Boek van Bonang Bonang Books. According G.W.J. Drewes, it's not a piece of Sunan Bonang but may contain teachings. Sunan Bonang expected died in 1525. Sunan Drajat The main article for this section are: Sunan Drajat
Drajat was the son of Sunan Sunan Ampel, and is a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad-23. He is the son of Sunan Ampel with Nyai Ageng Manila, Tuban duke's daughter named Arya Teja. Sunan Drajat much preaching to the people most. He emphasized the generosity, hard work, and increasing prosperity of society, as the practice of Islam. Pesantren Sunan Drajat run autonomously as a fief region, located in the Village Drajat, District Paciran, Lamongan. Tembang macapat pickaxe mentioned as his creation. Gamelan Singomengkok relics contained in the Regional Museum of Sunan Drajat, Lamongan. Sunan Drajat estimated to death died in 1522.   

Holy Sunan The main article for this section are: Holy Sunan
Holy is the son of Sunan Sunan Ngudung or Raden Usman Haji, with Syarifah Ruhil or Goddess who holds Nyai Ruhil Anom Manyuran bint bint Nyai Ageng Melaka Sunan Ampel. Holy Sunan is a descendant of the 24th of the Prophet Muhammad. Holy Sunan Sunan ibn Ali Murtadha Ngudung Fadhal bin Zainuddin bin Ibrahim Al-Akbar bin Jamaluddin Al-Husain ibn Ahmad Jalaluddin bin Abdillah bin Abdul Malik Faqih Ammil Azmatkhan bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Ali Khali Shahib Mirbath 'Qasam bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Alwi bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Mohammed bin Ali bin Ja'far al-Sadiq Uraidhi bin Muhammad al-Baqir bin Ali Zainal Abidin bin Al-Husayn ibn Lady Fatima Az-Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah. As a saint, Sunan Ghost has a big role in the government of the Sultanate of Demak, named as commander of the war, the Sultan of Demak adviser, Murshid tariqah and state court judges. He was a lot of preaching among the rulers and nobility of Java. Among which had become his disciple, is the ruler Prawoto Sunan Demak, and Arya Penangsang Jipang Panolan duke. One of the famous legacy is the Mosque Minaret, the architectural style mix of Hindu and Islamic. Holy Sunan expected died in 1550.  Sunan Giri The main article for this section are: Sunan Giri
Sunan Giri is the son of Maulana Ishaq. Sunan Giri is the 23rd descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, a student of Sunan Ampel and brother of Sunan Bonang seperguruan. He established the self-government in Kedaton Giri, Gresik, which then acts as the central message of Islam in Java and eastern Indonesia, even up to the Moluccas islands. One of the descendants of the famous Sunan Giri is Prapen, who spread the religion of Islam to the region of Lombok and Bima.  Sunan Kalijaga The main article for this section are: Sunan Kalijaga
Sunan Kalijaga Tuban duke was the son named Raden Tumenggung Wilatikta or Sahur or Sayyid Ahmad ibn Mansur (Sheikh Subakir). He was a student of Sunan Bonang. Sunan Kalijaga using arts and culture as a means to preach, among other arts and puppet song seclusion. Ilir Ilir suluk song-and-Bald Bald Pacul generally regarded as the result of his work. In one history, Sunan Kalijaga mentioned married with Dewi Saroh bint Maulana Ishaq, also married Zainab bint Sheikh Syarifah Jenar and Queen Siti binti Raja Kano Kediri Kediri.  Sunan Muria The main article for this section are: Sunan Muria
Sunan Muria or Raden Umar Said was the son of Sunan Kalijaga. He is the son of Sunan Kalijaga from his wife named Goddard Sarah bint Maulana Ishaq. Sunan Muria was married to Goddess Sujinah, daughter of Sunan Ngudung. So Sunan Muria, is the brother-in-law of Sunan Kudus.  Sunan Gunung Jati The main article for this section are: Sunan Gunung Jati Tomb of Sunan Gunung Jati gate in Cirebon, West Java
Sunan Gunung Jati or Syarif Hidayatullah was the son of Sharif Abdullah Umdatuddin son Ali Nurul Alam's son Akbar Sheikh Jamaluddin Husain. From the mother's side, he still descendants of the palace through Nyai Rara Pajajaran Jones, the son of Maharaja Sri Baduga. Cirebon, Sunan Gunung Jati develop as a center of propaganda and his government, which later became the Sultanate of Cirebon. Her son is named Maulana Hasanuddin, also succeeded in developing the power and spread Islam in Banten, which later became the forerunner of the founding of the Sultanate of Banten.  Walisongo according to time period
According to Sunan Ampel To Haul-555 written by KH. Mohammad Dahlan, [1] that in general assembly mission called Walisongo, actually consists of several forces. The Walisongo not live at the exact same time but have a relationship with each other closely, both in the bond of blood or by marriage, as well as in teacher-student relationship. If there is a council member who died, then his position is replaced by another character:

    
* Force-1 (1404 - 1435 AD), consisting of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (d. 1419), Maulana Ishaq, Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro, Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, Maulana Malik Israil (d. 1435), Maulana Muhammad Ali Akbar (d. 1435), Maulana Hasanuddin, Maulana 'Aliyuddin, and Sheikh Subakir or also known as Sheikh Muhammad al-Baqir.

    
* Force-2 (1435 - 1463 AD), consisting of Sunan Ampel who in 1419 replaced Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Maulana Ishaq (d. 1463), Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro, Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, the year 1435 the Holy Sunan Maulana Malik replace Israil, Sunan Gunung Jati who in 1435 replaced Maulana Mohammad Ali Akbar, Maulana Hasanuddin (d. 1462), Maulana 'Aliyuddin (d. 1462), and Sheikh Subakir (d. 1463).

    
* Force-3 (1463 - 1466 AD), consisting of Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri in 1463 which replaces the Maulana Ishaq, Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubro (d. 1465), Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi (d. 1465), Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Bonang the year 1462 to replace Maulana Hasanuddin, who in 1462 Degrees Sunan Maulana replace 'Aliyyuddin, and Sunan Kalijaga the year 1463 to replace Sheikh Subakir.

    
* Force-4 (1466 - 1513 AD, consisting of Sunan Ampel (d. 1481), Sunan Giri (d. 1505), Raden Fattah who in 1465 replacing Maulana Ahmad Jumadil Kubra, Fathullah Khan (Falatehan) that in the year 1465 to replace Maulana Muhammad Al-Maghrabi, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Degrees, and Sunan Kalijaga (d. 1513).

    
* Force-5 (1513 - 1533 AD), consisting of Sheikh Siti Jenar 1481 which replaces the Sunan Ampel (d. 1517), Raden Faqih Sunan Ampel II 1505 replaces the brother-in-law cope Sunan Giri, Raden Fattah (d. 1518), Fathullah Khan (Falatehan), Sunan Ghost (d. 1550), Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Bonang (d. 1525), Sunan Degrees (d. 1533), and Sunan Muria who in 1513 succeeded his father Sunan Kalijaga.

    
* Force-6 (1533 - 1546 AD), consisting of Sheikh Abdul Qahhar (Sunan Sedayu) who cope in 1517 succeeded his father Sheikh Siti Jenar, Raden Zainal Abidin Sunan Demak in 1540 to replace his brother Raden Faqih Sunan Ampel II, Sultan of the year Trenggana 1518 succeeded his father namely Raden Fattah, Fathullah Khan (d. 1573), Sayyid Amir Hasan, who in 1550 succeeded his father Sunan Kudus, Sunan Gunung Jati (d. 1569), Raden Husamuddin Sunan Lamongan which in 1525 replaced his brother Sunan Bonang, Sunan Pakuan which in 1533 succeeded his father Sunan Degrees, and Sunan Muria (d. 1551).

    
* Force-7 (1546 - 1591 AD), consisting of Shaykh Abdul Qahhar (d. 1599), Sunan Prapen which replaces 1570 Raden Sunan Demak Zainal Abidin, Sunan Prawoto who in 1546 succeeded his father Sultan Trenggana, Maulana Yusuf grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati who in 1573 replaced his uncle Fathullah Khan, Amir Sayyid Hasan, Maulana Hasanuddin who in 1569 succeeded his father Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Mojoagung which replaces the Sunan Lamongan 1570, Sunan Cendana which replaces 1570 Sunan Pakuan grandfather, and Sayyid Salih (Panembahan Pekaos ) son Sayyid Amir Hasan, who in 1551 replaced his mother's maternal grandfather is Sunan Muria.

    
* Force-8 (1592 - 1650 AD), consisting of Shaykh Abdul Qadir (Sunan Magelang), which replaces the Sunan Sedayu (d. 1599), Baba David Ar-Rumi al-Jawi the year 1650 to replace the teacher Sunan Prapen, Sultan Hadiwijaya (Joko Tingkir) which replaces the 1549 Prawoto Sultan, Maulana Yusuf, Sayyid Amir Hasan, Maulana Hasanuddin, Shamsuddin Sheikh Abdullah Al-Sumatrani which in 1650 replaced Sunan Mojoagung, Sheikh Abdullah bin Abbas Al-Ghafur Manduri which in 1650 replaced Sunan Cendana, and Sayyid Salih (Panembahan Pekaos).
 People's predecessor Walisongo  Sheikh Jumadil Qubro The main article for this section are: Sheikh Jumadil Qubro
Jumadil Qubro is Maulana Sheikh Ahmad bin Hussain Kubra Jumadil Jamaluddin bin Ahmad Jalaluddin bin Abdillah bin Abdul Malik Azmatkhan bin Alwi bin Muhammad Faqih Ammil Shahib Mirbath bin Ali Khali 'Qasam bin Alwi bin Muhammad bin Alwi bin Ubaidillah bin Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Mohammed Uraidhi bin Ali bin Ja'far al-Sadiq bin Muhammad al-Baqir bin Ali Zainal Abidin bin Al-Husain, son of Lady Fatima Az-Zahra bint Muhammad Rasulullah Jumadil Qubro Sheikh Jamaluddin Husain was the son of his wife named Puteri Selindung Moon (Princess Saadong II / Princess Kelantan Old). This figure is often mentioned in chronicle and folklore as one of the pioneers of the spread of Islam in Java.
His shrine is located in certain places, namely in Semarang, Trowulan, or in Turgo village (near Pelawangan), Yogyakarta. Not yet known which ones really are grave. [3] [4]  The theory of descent Hadramaut
Although there are opinions that call Walisongo is a descendant of Samarkand (Central Asia), Champa or elsewhere, but it seems the place-place is more of a point spread of the mubaligh than are their origins, who are mostly of the Sayyid or Sharif. Some of the arguments given by Muhammad al-Baqir, in his book tariqah to Happiness, supports that Walisongo is a descendant of Hadramaut (Yemen):

    
* LWC van den Berg, Islamolog and Dutch lawyers who conducted research in 1884-1886, in his book Le Hadhramout et les colonies arabes dans l'Archipel Indien (1886) [5] says:

    
"The tangible results in the Islamic religious broadcasting (to Indonesia) is from the people Sayyid Sharif. With the mediation of their religion of Islam spread among Hindu kings in Java and other. Apart from these, although there are also other tribes Hadramaut (which is not a class of Sayyid Sharif), but they did not leave that much influence. This is due to them (the Sayyid Sharif) is the offspring of carriers of Islam leader (Prophet Muhammad SAW). "

    
* Van den Berg also wrote in the same book (p. 192-204):

    
"In the 15th century, in Java there is already a resident of the Arabs or their offspring, that is, after the kingdom of Majapahit was strong. Arabs bercampul-slang with residents, and some of them mempuyai high positions. They are bound by social and familial level supervisor. Apparently the chiefs on the islands of the Indian Hindus have been affected by the properties of Arab expertise, because most of them bred founder of Islam (Prophet Muhammad SAW). The Arabs of Hadramawt (Hadramaut) bring to the people of new Hindu mind-Peranakan Peranakan forwarded by the Arabs, following in the footsteps of his fathers. "
    
Van den Berg's statement specifically mentions the 15th century, which is a specific century arrival or birth of most of the Walisongo in Java. This 15th-century much earlier than the 18th century which is the next wave arrival, which is the surname of the Hadramaut Assegaf, Al Ethiopia, Al Hadad, Alaydrus, Alatas, Al Jufri, Syihab, Syahab Hadramaut and many other clans.

    
* Until now, Muslims in Hadramaut most bermadzhab Shafi, as the majority in Sri Lanka, coastal western India (Gujarat and Malabar), Malaysia and Indonesia. Compare with Muslims in Uzbekistan and throughout Central Asia, Pakistan and India inland (non-coastal) largely bermadzhab Hanafi.
    
* The similarity in the Shafi'i madhhab patterned practice of Sufism and prioritize Ahlul Bait; like holding Maulid, read Diba & litany, diverse Shalawat Prophet, prayer Nur Nubuwwah and many other deeds only in Hadramaut, Egypt, Gujarat, Malabar, Ceylon, Sulu & Mindanao, Malaysia and Indonesia. Book of Shafi'i fiqh Fathul Muin popular in Indonesia authored by Zainuddin Al Malabary of Malabar, the contents include the opinions of both the fuqaha and the Sufis. This similarity indicates that the source of Hadramaut, because Hadramaut is the first source of Islamic history that combines the Shafi'i fiqh with the practice of Sufism and prioritization Ahlul Bait.
    
* In the 15th century, Javanese kings who allied with Walisongo like Raden Patah and Pati Unus use the same title Akbar Alam. Degree is also a title that is often imposed by large families Jamaluddin Akbar in Gujarat in the 14th century, the great grandson Azhamat Khan's family (or Abdullah Khan) bin Abdul Malik bin Alwi, a son of the great scholar Mohammed Shahib Mirbath Hadramaut century 13. This large family known as mubaligh traveler who preach well into corners of Southeast Asia, and has sons and grandchildren who often used the name of Akbar, as Zainal Akbar, Akbar Ibrahim, Ali Akbar, Akbar Nuralam and many others.
 Theory of Chinese descent
Historian Slamet Muljana invite controversy in the book The collapse of the Hindu kingdom of Java (1968), stating that Walisongo is Indonesian Chinese descent. [6] Opinion was invited strong reaction of society that believes that Walisongo is Arab-Indonesian descent. New Order government had banned publication of the book. [Citation needed]
References that states alleged that Walisongo derived from or of Chinese descent is still a controversial thing. References in question can only be tested through academic sources that came from Muljana Slamet, referring to the writings Mangaraja Onggang Parlindungan, who then refers to someone who named Resident Poortman. However, Resident Poortman until now not be known identity and credibility as a historian, for example when compared to Snouck Hurgronje and LWC van den Berg. Dutch historians today are a lot of reviewing the history of Islam in Indonesia, which Martin van Bruinessen, even though never mention names in his books Poortman recognized very detailed and much used as a reference.
One review of the writings H.J. de Graaf, Th.G.Th. Pigeaud, M.C. Ricklefs titled Chinese Muslims in Java in the 15th and 16th Centuries are written by Russell Jones. There, he also doubts about the existence of a Poortman. If the person was there and was not named the other, can be easily proved considering a fairly complete story in writing Parlindungan [7].  Source written about Walisongo

   
1. There are few written sources about Walisongo Java community, including Fibre Walisanga Ranggawarsita works in the 19th century, the Book of Sunan works Walisongo Dalem (Sunan Giri II) who is the son of Sunan Giri, and also told quite a lot in the Babad Tanah Jawi.
   
2. Former Johor Mufti Sayyid `Alwi b. Tahir b. `Abdallah al-Haddad (died 1962) also leave the article titled History of the development of Islam in the Far East (London: Al-Maktab ad-Daimi, 1957). He quoted a description of them from Haji `Ali ibn Khayr al-Din, in his work Ketrangan arrival youngest (sic!) Arabic to land Jawi sangking Hadramaut.
   
3. In the writing of history as the descendants of Bani Alawi al-Jawahir al-Saniyyah by Sayyid Ali bin Abu Bakr Sakran, 'Umdat al-Talib al-Dawudi, and Shams al-Zahirah by Sayyid Abdul Rahman Al-Masyhur; also contained discussion of ancestral Sunan Gunung Jati, Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Bonang and Sunan Gresi


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